一类导航
Navigation in airspace where the position of the aircraft can be continuously determined by reference to ground-based radio navigation aids.
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Long Haul
Browse Long Haul terms for pilots, air traffic controllers, cabin crew and aviation learners.
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临界燃油状态
A situation where an aircraft's fuel supply has reached a level where it can only proceed to the intended destination and no further delay can be accepted.
View term二类导航
Navigation in airspace where position cannot be reliably fixed using ground-based radio navigation aids, requiring the use of long-range navigation systems.
View term人工位置报告
A position report provided by a flight crew via voice or datalink, specifying current aircraft location, when automatic position reporting is not available or not required.
View term依赖监视协议
A prearranged automatic reporting agreement (ADS-C) between ATC and aircraft for position, intent, and status data in remote or oceanic airspace.
View term入口过渡点
The designated waypoint where an aircraft changes from domestic to oceanic or remote-airspace procedures and communications.
View term再调度点
A designated waypoint or position along the route after which flight dispatch is revalidated or amended based on updated operational or weather conditions.
View term再调度许可
A flight release authorizing a change of destination or continuation beyond a point after departure, subject to operational conditions or weather.
View term再调度许可
Official authorization given at a predetermined point, permitting continuation to the planned destination or re-clearance to an alternate based on current operational factors.
View term冰晶结冰
A form of high-altitude icing caused by ingestion of ice crystals into engines, potentially resulting in engine flameout or damage.
View term决策燃油点
A predetermined point along the route where a decision is made to proceed to the destination or divert based on remaining fuel and current conditions.
View term刹车能量极限
The maximum energy that aircraft brakes can safely absorb during landing or rejected takeoff, determined by aircraft weight, speed, and system design, to prevent brake failure or fire.
View term加油决策
The operational determination to carry extra fuel for economic or logistical reasons, usually based on fuel pricing and availability at destination.
View term北大西洋航线
A designated system of daily updated routes for transatlantic flights between Europe and North America, coordinated and published by oceanic ATC agencies.
View term北太平洋航线
A designated organized track system for flight operations across the North Pacific between North America and Asia, updated daily by ATC.
View term卧铺休息时段
A scheduled period during a flight in which a crew member is off duty and resting in a designated bunk or crew rest facility.
View term双发延程运行
Operation of twin-engine aircraft on routes where a diversion airport may be more than 60 minutes away at one-engine inoperative cruise speed, subject to special performance and dispatch requirements (ETOPS).
View term发动机失效漂移
The lateral displacement from track or altitude lost when an aircraft operates with one or more engines inoperative, especially during ETOPS segments.
View term后中部油箱
A fuel tank located in the rear centre section of the aircraft fuselage, used for fuel storage and distribution during long-haul operations.
View term增员机组
The practice of adding qualified crew members to the flight crew to allow in-flight rest and ensure regulatory compliance on long-haul or ultra-long-haul flights.
View term备降场
An airport selected in the flight plan to which an aircraft may proceed when landing at the destination becomes inadvisable.
View term备降机场
An aerodrome specified in the flight plan to which a flight may proceed when a landing at the intended destination becomes inadvisable.
View term备降燃油
The amount of fuel required to divert from planned destination to an alternate aerodrome, factoring weather, distance, and required reserves.
View term备降门槛燃油量
The predetermined minimum fuel required at an alternate airport's landing threshold, ensuring safe diversion in case a landing at the intended destination is not possible.
View term对流层顶高度
The altitude at which the troposphere ends and the stratosphere begins, critical for flight planning due to temperature and wind variations.
View term岛屿备降机场
An aerodrome located on an island and designated as an alternate for oceanic or remote area operations.
View term应急程序
A predetermined sequence of actions to be followed when an abnormal or emergency situation occurs during flight, as defined in company or ICAO procedures.
View term延程运行
Flight by any aircraft on routes that place it at a distance from a suitable airport greater than the authorized threshold, encompassing ETOPS and other regulatory provisions (EROPS).
View term延程限制
A regulatory or operational constraint that restricts the maximum allowable distance or duration for extended range operations, typically ETOPS or EDTO.
View term急流核心
The center of maximum wind velocity within a jet stream, critical for optimizing flight path, fuel efficiency, and turbulence avoidance.
View term所需导航十
A navigation specification requiring aircraft to maintain a track-keeping accuracy of ±10 nautical miles for at least 95% of the flight time within designated airspace, commonly referred to as RNP 10.
View term提前机组休息
A scheduled rest period before or during a flight, provided to designated crew members to meet fatigue management or regulatory requirements for ultra-long operations.
View term改航放行
An amended ATC clearance that modifies the previously cleared route, typically issued to avoid weather, airspace restrictions, or traffic.
View term救援协调中心
A designated center responsible for organizing and coordinating search and rescue operations in a specified area, as defined in ICAO Annex 12.
View term数据链连接
A digital communications channel established between aircraft and ATC/dispatch for automatic reporting, clearances, and text exchanges (e.g., CPDLC, ACARS).
View term昼夜节律偏移
The difference between local time and a crew member's biological night, often considered in fatigue management and long-haul flight scheduling.
View term晴空颠簸
Turbulence that occurs in clear air, typically at high altitudes, away from thunderstorms and not associated with visible clouds, often found near jet streams or frontal zones.
View term最佳高度
The flight level or altitude that offers the best balance between fuel consumption, aircraft performance, and weather conditions.
View term极地备降场
A pre-designated airport suitable for emergency landing or diversion by polar-route aircraft, equipped and authorized for extended operations in polar regions.
View term极地航线
A designated transcontinental flight path passing over the polar regions, generally used for efficient intercontinental operations between North America, Europe, and Asia.
View term气象偏移
Deviation from planned track or route due to wind or meteorological factors, often requiring heading or routing adjustments.
View term油温裕度
The difference between actual engine oil temperature and the maximum safe operating limit, ensuring safe operation and indicating potential issues if margin decreases.
View term油罐航班
A flight carrying more fuel than required, often to avoid higher fuel costs at destination or for operational contingencies.
View term洋区放行
ATC authorization required for entry into and flight within oceanic airspace, specifying route, level, and Mach number.
View term洋面进入点
The specific waypoint where an aircraft transitions from domestic to oceanic airspace, usually involving a procedural clearance.
View term液压压力损失
A reduction or complete loss of hydraulic system pressure, potentially affecting flight control surfaces, landing gear, and braking systems; requires immediate crew action.
View term漂降程序
A contingency descent profile followed after an engine failure at cruise altitude to achieve the aircraft’s new single-engine ceiling while maintaining obstacle clearance.
View term火山灰航路
A temporary route planned to avoid areas of volcanic ash, based on current volcanic activity and advisories.
View term热带航路
An airway or designated flight route that traverses tropical climate regions, often with unique meteorological and navigational considerations.
View term燃油不平衡控制
Actions taken to monitor and correct uneven fuel distribution between tanks to maintain safe balance and aircraft handling.
View term燃油温度限制
The minimum or maximum allowable temperature for fuel in aircraft tanks or lines to prevent fuel waxing or freezing, especially during high-altitude operations.
View term燃油转移
The movement of fuel between tanks to ensure aircraft balance and supply during various flight phases.
View term生物钟
The natural internal time-keeping system that regulates physiological activities, directly affecting crew alertness and fatigue during time zone changes and long-haul operations.
View term疲劳风险管理
A systematic process, approved by authorities, to manage crew fatigue using scheduling, monitoring, and mitigation strategies for safe operations.
View term空中重新计划
Modification of the flight plan while airborne, in response to operational, weather, or airspace constraints.
View term等时图
A chart used in flight planning to determine the point at which the flight time to two alternate aerodromes is equal, commonly applied for ETOPS and long-range operations.
View term等时点
The geographic point along a route at which the flying time to two selected diversion aerodromes is equal, used for contingency decision-making.
View term等油点
A point along the route where the fuel required to return to the departure airport equals the fuel required to continue to the destination, used in diversion and contingency planning.
View term管制员-飞行员链路
A data communication system (CPDLC) used for direct exchange of messages between air traffic controllers and pilots, especially in oceanic and remote airspace.
View term紧急下降航径
A predetermined safe vertical and lateral route for rapid descent to a lower altitude in the event of depressurization or other emergencies.
View term自动位置报告
A position report transmitted automatically by onboard avionics via datalink (CPDLC or ADS-C) at predetermined waypoints or intervals, requiring no crew action.
View term自动分段爬升
A flight mode or FMS function that automatically commands step climbs as aircraft weight decreases to optimize fuel efficiency and performance.
View term航班重新放行
The in-flight process whereby operational control re-evaluates conditions and issues a new release for the remainder of the flight.
View term航线跟踪信息
An ATC message providing route, track, or clearance information, typically via data link, for flights in procedural airspace.
View term航路点位置报告
A mandatory ATC report specifying aircraft position, time, flight level, and estimates for the next waypoint, typically required over oceanic or remote routes.
View term蒙得维的亚备降机场
Carrasco International (SUMU/Montevideo), designated as the alternate aerodrome for flights operating to/from South Atlantic, per contingency or ETOPS requirements.
View term赤道航路
A specific flight route crossing or lying close to the equator, designed for optimal navigation in equatorial regions.
View term超远洋段
Flight operation segment that takes place beyond a specified distance from land, requiring special equipment and regulatory compliance (ETOPS/EDTO rules).
View term超长航程
A non-stop flight covering an exceptionally long distance, typically over 16 hours or more than 7,000 nautical miles, requiring special crew and operational procedures.
View term运行最低标准
The lowest meteorological and operational conditions under which an aircraft may be operated, as published by regulatory authorities for each phase of flight.
View term远程巡航
A cruise speed selected for maximum range per unit of fuel on long-haul flights, balancing fuel efficiency and time.
View term逃生航线规划
The advance definition of contingency flight paths from the main track to a safe diversion airport in case of in-flight emergencies over remote areas.
View term逃逸燃油计划
Calculation of the minimum fuel required to depart from an area with operational hazards to a safe location.
View term避开天气
Flight planning or tactical maneuvering to avoid hazardous weather areas using deviation, rerouting, or altitude changes.
View term配平油箱
A specialized fuel tank located in the horizontal stabilizer or tail, used to optimize aircraft balance and fuel management.
View term重心管理
The active process of monitoring and controlling the aircraft’s center of gravity throughout all flight phases to ensure safe and efficient operation within prescribed limits.
View term阶梯爬升剖面
A flight profile in which an aircraft increases cruise flight level in stages as weight decreases and conditions permit, to optimize fuel efficiency.
View term颠簸处置程序
A set of prescribed actions for flight crew to follow when encountering turbulence, including changes in altitude, speed, and securing the cabin.
View term高纬度导航
Navigation procedures and technologies required for flights operating in polar or near-polar regions, often above 78° latitude.
View term高频呼叫
The use of HF radio to establish long-distance communications with ATC, commonly required in remote or oceanic airspace.
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