अंतरराष्ट्रीय मानक वायुमंडल
A model of the atmosphere based on standard average conditions at sea level, used for calibrating instruments and performance calculations. Defined by ICAO: 15°C, 1013.25 hPa, and lapse rate of 2°C per 1000 ft.
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Meteorology
Browse Meteorology terms for pilots, air traffic controllers, cabin crew and aviation learners.
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अंतरराष्ट्रीय मानक वायुमंडल से विचलन
The difference between the actual atmospheric temperature and the standard temperature defined by the International Standard Atmosphere at a given altitude.
View termअचानक तेज़ हवा
Sudden increase in wind speed of at least 15 knots, sustained for at least one minute.
View termअप्पर-एयर चार्ट
A meteorological chart depicting wind, temperature, and pressure patterns at specified altitudes above the earth’s surface, used to forecast enroute weather conditions for aviation operations.
View termअल्पकालिक प्रवृत्ति पूर्वानुमान (TREND)
A TREND appended to a METAR or SPECI giving expected significant changes in surface wind, visibility, weather or cloud over the next two hours.
View termअशांति
Irregular atmospheric motion caused by eddies and vertical currents, affecting aircraft stability, comfort, and sometimes control.
View termउच्च क्लाउड राजमहल जैसा
Medium-level turreted cloud with rising towers indicating mid‑level instability, possible precursor to thunderstorms.
View termउच्च दबाव
An area of the atmosphere where the pressure is higher than that of the surrounding region, often associated with stable weather, clear skies, and reduced turbulence.
View termउष्णकटिबंधीय चक्रवात हेतु महत्वपूर्ण मौसम सूचना (SIGMET)
A SIGMET issued for a tropical cyclone within or approaching an FIR, including observed or forecast TC position, extent of associated cumulonimbus clouds, movement and intensity.
View termऊंचाई पर हवा और तापमान संदेश
A meteorological report providing forecasted wind direction, wind speed, and temperature at specific altitudes above mean sea level, used for flight planning and fuel calculations.
View termएम्बेडेड क्यूमुुलोनिम्बस बादल
Cumulonimbus cloud obscured within other cloud layers, not visually identifiable, but with severe turbulence and precipitation.
View termएल्टीमीटर सेटिंग
The current local atmospheric pressure value set in an aircraft’s altimeter to ensure correct indication of altitude above mean sea level, typically given in hectopascals (hPa) or inches of mercury (inHg).
View termओक्लूडेड फ्रंट
A composite weather front formed during the process of cyclogenesis when a cold front overtakes a warm front, leading to complex weather patterns including precipitation and changes in wind direction.
View termकिरायुक्त बर्फ़ जमना
The formation of rough, milky, opaque ice due to rapid freezing of supercooled water droplets on aircraft surfaces.
View termकोल्ड फ्रंट
A weather front where a cold air mass advances and displaces a warmer air mass, often producing showers, thunderstorms, and abrupt changes in wind and temperature.
View termक्यूमुुलोनिम्बस बादल
Towering vertical cloud with significant turbulence, precipitation, and lightning potential.
View termजमाव स्तर
The lowest altitude in the atmosphere at which the air temperature drops to 0°C (32°F), marking the boundary where liquid water can freeze.
View termजेट स्ट्रीम
A narrow, fast-flowing air current in the upper atmosphere, typically between 20 000 and 50 000 ft, affecting cruise performance.
View termज्वालामुखीय राख महत्वपूर्ण मौसमीय सूचना
A SIGMET concerning volcanic ash clouds that may affect en‑route flight safety.
View termझोंका
A sudden, brief increase in wind speed, typically varying with rapid fluctuations.
View termटर्मिनल हवाईअड्डा पूर्वानुमान
A concise statement of the expected meteorological conditions at an aerodrome for a specified period.
View termटावरिंग क्यूमुुलस बादल
Large cumulus cloud with strong vertical development, indicating convective activity, but not yet cumulonimbus.
View termट्रोपोपॉज़
The boundary layer between troposphere and stratosphere, marked by a temperature inversion, affecting flight levels and turbulence potential.
View termतापमान प्रतिलोमन
A meteorological condition where temperature increases with altitude instead of decreasing, which can trap pollutants and affect aircraft climb performance.
View termतीव्र अशांति
Turbulence that causes large, abrupt changes in altitude and/or attitude. Aircraft may be momentarily out of control. Occupants are forced violently against seat belts.
View termदबाव ऊँचाई
The altitude indicated by a barometric altimeter set to the standard pressure setting of 1013.25 hPa or 29.92 inHg. Used as a reference for aircraft performance calculations.
View termदृश्यता
Greatest distance at which prominent objects are visible and identifiable by day.
View termनिचले स्तर पर विंड शियर
Wind shear occurring below 2 000 ft AGL, especially hazardous during takeoff and landing phases.
View termनिम्न दबाव
An area of the atmosphere where the pressure is lower than that of the surrounding region, often associated with unsettled weather, precipitation, and potential turbulence.
View termनिम्न-स्तरीय उड़ानों के लिए क्षेत्रीय पूर्वानुमान (GAMET)
A GAMET area forecast describing significant weather below FL100 (or FL150 over mountainous terrain) within a FIR, supporting VFR and low-level IFR planning.
View termपहाड़ी तरंग
A standing atmospheric wave created when stable air flows over a mountain or ridge, often causing turbulence and rotor clouds.
View termपूर्वानुमान चार्ट
A weather chart produced by meteorological authorities that forecasts the expected positions of pressure systems, fronts, and significant weather for a specified future time.
View termप्रचलित दृश्यता
Greatest visibility value equaled or exceeded for at least half the horizon.
View termबर्फ जमना
The accumulation of ice on aircraft surfaces due to supercooled water droplets, which can affect aerodynamics and instrument performance.
View termबर्फ हटाना
Removal of existing frost, ice or snow from aircraft surfaces before flight.
View termबर्फ-रोधी
Application of fluid to prevent ice formation during ground operations or flight.
View termबादल आधार
Lowest altitude of the visible cloud layer, reported as base of scattered, broken, overcast.
View termबिजली की तड़ित तूफ़ान
Convective weather event with thunder, lightning, precipitation and possible severe turbulence.
View termबैरोमेट्रिक प्रेशर
The atmospheric pressure as measured by a barometer, used to determine altimeter settings and to ensure altitude accuracy during flight operations.
View termब्रेक कार्रवाई
Pilot- or airport-reported assessment of runway surface stopping quality: good/medium/poor/nil.
View termमध्यम स्तर की अशांति
Turbulence that causes changes in altitude and/or attitude but aircraft remains in control; occupants may feel strain against seat belts.
View termमहत्वपूर्ण तापमान स्तर
A specific altitude or flight level at which temperature changes are forecast to be significant for flight operations, affecting aircraft performance, icing risk, or fuel management.
View termमहत्वपूर्ण मौसम चार्ट
A meteorological chart that displays forecasted significant weather phenomena, including turbulence, icing, and cumulonimbus clouds, relevant for flight safety at specific flight levels.
View termमहत्वपूर्ण मौसमीय सूचना
A weather advisory issued by a Meteorological Watch Office concerning significant en‑route weather hazards affecting flight safety.
View termमानक दबाव के अनुसार आल्टीमीटर सेटिंग
An altimeter setting based on the standard pressure of 1013.25 hPa or 29.92 inHg, used above the transition altitude. Known as QNE in ICAO terminology.
View termमिश्र बर्फ जाम
Presence of both rime and clear ice types on aircraft surfaces.
View termमौसमीय हवाईअड्डा रिपोर्ट
Routine coded weather observation for a specific aerodrome at a specific time.
View termरनवे घर्षण
Measurement of friction coefficient between tires and runway; indicates braking performance.
View termरनवे दृश्य सीमा
Distance over which runway markings or lights are visible from centreline on approach.
View termरनवे स्थिति रिपोर्ट
Aerodrome-issued report of runway surface condition using RCAM and RWYCC.
View termरोटर बादल
A turbulent, low-level cloud formation found downwind of mountain ranges, forming in the rotor zone beneath and near mountain waves; indicative of severe turbulence and hazardous for aviation.
View termवायुमंडलीय साउंडिंग
A vertical profile of the atmosphere obtained by balloon or remote sensing, recording temperature, humidity, wind, and pressure at various altitudes for weather analysis and flight planning.
View termवार्म फ्रंट
A boundary where a warm air mass advances and rises over a retreating cold air mass, usually resulting in steady precipitation and lower clouds along the front.
View termविंड बार्ब
A graphic symbol used on meteorological charts to represent wind speed and direction at a specific location and altitude, typically shown as a shaft with barbs and pennants.
View termविंड शियर
A sudden change in wind speed and/or direction over a short distance, hazardous during takeoff and landing.
View termविशेष हवाईअड्डा रिपोर्ट
An unscheduled aerodrome weather report issued when significant meteorological changes occur between routine METARs.
View termसंक्रमित रनवे
Runway with >25% surface covered by standing water ≥3 mm, slush, snow, ice.
View termसतही विश्लेषण चार्ट
A weather chart depicting current meteorological features such as pressure systems, fronts, and precipitation areas at the Earth's surface; essential for flight planning and enroute weather briefing.
View termसमुद्र तल दबाव के लिए आल्टीमीटर सेटिंग
The altimeter setting that corresponds to the atmospheric pressure at mean sea level. Referred to as QNH in ICAO phraseology.
View termसाफ़ बर्फ़ जमना
The formation of smooth, transparent ice on aircraft surfaces, resulting from slow freezing of large supercooled water droplets.
View termसीलिंग
Height above ground at which an unbroken or overcast cloud layer exists.
View termसुपरकूल्ड बड़ी बूंद
Liquid droplets below freezing point that can remain liquid until striking an object.
View termसूक्ष्म झोंका
A small, intense downdraft producing damaging winds near the ground, hazardous to aircraft during takeoff or landing.
View termस्क्यू-टी लॉग-पी आरेख
A thermodynamic diagram used in meteorology to plot atmospheric soundings, displaying temperature, dew point, and wind profiles with altitude to assess atmospheric stability and forecast weather hazards.
View termस्थिर लेन्टिक्युलर बादल
A smooth, lens-shaped cloud that forms at high altitudes in the crest of mountain waves; often stationary, and indicative of significant atmospheric turbulence downwind of mountain ranges.
View termस्नो टाम
Special NOTAM issued when snow, ice or slush significantly affects aerodrome movement areas.
View termस्वचालित टर्मिनल सूचना सेवा (ATIS)
A continuous broadcast of recorded aerodrome information, including weather, runways and NOTAMs, provided to reduce controller-pilot communication workload.
View termस्वचालित मौसम अवलोकन प्रणाली (AWOS)
An unattended station that continuously measures and broadcasts real-time surface weather elements to pilots and ATC on a discrete frequency.
View termस्वच्छ आकाश में अशांति
Turbulence occurring in clear skies, typically at high altitudes near the jet stream, with no visible weather phenomena.
View termहवाई अड्डे की ऊँचाई के लिए आल्टीमीटर सेटिंग
The altimeter setting that displays the elevation of the aerodrome as the altitude on the altimeter when on the ground. Referred to as QFE in ICAO terminology.
View termहोल्ड‑ओवर समय
Estimated time fluid will prevent ice before need for re‑application.
View term